Grasshopper Sparrow nocturnal flight call (nfc) activity automatically detected by Nighthawk 0.3.0 software operating 8 hours per night (9p-5a CDT, GMT -5) at Alamo Inn B&B in the 2023 fall migration period. W. Evans checked whether automatic detections were correctly identified and removed false positives. Nfc activity is the sum of all incidences of a  GRSP detection that occurred at least two minutes from another GRSP detection. In other words, calls occurring within two minutes were tallied as one.